India’s population problem: why our fertility decline demands a country-wide policy response
Kerala’s TFR at 1.3 is approaching the levels of Italy and Spain, societies that have been grappling with a demographic decline for decades. Delhi, as a metropolitan anomaly, records an even lower TFR of 1.2, although its unique migration dynamics make direct comparison with states difficult. At the other end of the range, Bihar’s TFR is at 2.9, above the replacement rate and reflective of differing social, educational and economic conditions.
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